School and Family Environment as Predictors of Students’ Learning Interest in Rural Elementary Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v7i3.1619Keywords:
Educational Management, Family Environment, Learning Interest, Rural Elementary School, School EnvironmentAbstract
This study examines the influence of school environment and family environment on students’ learning interest in a rural elementary school setting, where external motivational supports are often limited. A quantitative correlational design was employed at SD Negeri 01 Adu Manis, Semendawai Barat District, Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency, South Sumatra. The population comprised 97 students, with a sample of 47 students from grades III, IV, and V selected through proportional sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Instruments measured school environment, family environment, and learning interest, with data analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression via SPSS. Results – The school environment demonstrated a positive and significant influence on learning interest (R² = 0.986), as did the family environment (R² = 0.833). Simultaneously, both variables collectively explained 99.2% of the variance in learning interest (R² = 0.992), indicating an exceptionally strong predictive capacity. This study provides empirical evidence from an underexplored rural Indonesian context, demonstrating the near-total combined explanatory power of school and family environments on student engagement. Findings underscore the critical need for structured school-family partnership programs to sustain and enhance learning interest, particularly in geographically isolated areas. This research contributes actionable insights for educators and policymakers, affirming that synergistic investments in both school climate and parental involvement are indispensable for fostering student motivation and academic persistence in rural elementary education.
References
Abdykerimova, E., & Assainova, A. (2024). Preparing educators for the digital age : teacher perceptions of active teaching methods and digital integration. November. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1473766
Ahmed, Q. W., & Anna, R. (2021). Parental Involvement or Interference ? Rural Teachers’ Perceptions. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3182822
Alawad, A. O., & Merghani, T. H. (2026). Learning enjoyment in higher education : psychometric properties of a novel assessment scale. March, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1782079
Becker, S., & Börnert-ringleb, M. (2026). School-related stress in mainstream classrooms : longitudinal comparisons between low-achieving students, students with behavioural difficulties, comorbid difficulties and their peers. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 00(00), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2026.2653670
Chu, M., Fang, Z., Mao, L., Ma, H., Lee, C., & Chiang, Y. (2024). Creating A child-friendly social environment for fewer conduct problems and more prosocial behaviors among children : A LASSO regression approach. Acta Psychologica, 244(February), 104200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104200
Correa, C. B., Paola, Y., Arroyo, V., & Pe, R. (2023). Influence of environmental conditions on students’ learning processes : A systematic review. 231(June 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110051
Dahri, N. A., Yahaya, N., Al-rahmi, W. M., Almuqren, L., Almgren, A. S., Alshimai, A., & Al-adwan, A. S. (2025). The Effect of AI Gamification on Students’ Engagement and Academic Achievement in Malaysia : SEM Analysis Perspectives. IEEE Access, 13(March), 70791–70810. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3560567
Edgerton, E., Mckechnie, J., & Maltby, J. (2026). Developing a psychological understanding of students’ perceptions of their school environment and the relationship with academic achievement. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 109(March 2025), 102862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102862
Edisherashvili, N., Saks, K., & Kallas, K. (2025). Emotions matter — Targeting adult learners’ achievement emotions in online instructional settings : Systematic literature review. August, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.70110
Eker, S. (2026). The Effect of Perceived Parental Academic Involvement on Achievement : The Mediating Role of Academic Motivation. February, 4740–4759. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.70036
El-aasar, M., Shafik, Z., & Abou-bakr, D. (2024). Outdoor learning environment as a teaching tool for integrating education for sustainable development in kindergarten, Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(4), 102629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2024.102629
Evans, D. J. R. (2022). Has pedagogy, technology, and Covid- face lecture ? September, 1145–1151. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.2224
Gaidhane, A., Telrandhe, S., Holding, P., Patil, M., Kogade, P., Jadhav, N., Nazli, M., & Syed, Q. (2022). Effectiveness of family-centered program for enhancing competencies of responsive parenting among caregivers for early childhood development in rural India. Acta Psychologica, 229(July), 103669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103669
Hayat, B. (2024). Meta-Analysis of Coefficient Alpha : Empirical Demonstration Using English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory. 13(2), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v13n2p231
He, X. (2025). The Impact of Teacher Feedback, Perceived Teacher Support, and Peer Relationships on Online Learning Engagement : An Analysis of the Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Learning Motivation. September, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251377995
Hernández-padilla, E., Bazán-ramírez, A., Bazán-ramírez, W., Solano-gutierrez, J., Hernández-padilla, E., & Bazán-ramírez, A. (2023). Parental participation and parents’support : effects on mathematics achievement, 2018 national assessment of learning, Mexico. July, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154470
Ibrahim, R. K. (2025). Determination of Metacognitive Learning Strategies and Academic Performance of Nursing Students : A Descriptive-correlational Study. 8(3), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.18502/dmj.v8i3.19858
Jabłońska, J. (2021). Time elapsed between choices in a probabilistic task correlates with repeating the same decision. January, 2639–2654. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15144
Janse, R. J., Hoekstra, T., Jager, K. J., Zoccali, C., Tripepi, G., Dekker, F. W., & Diepen, M. Van. (2021). Conducting correlation analysis : important limitations and pitfalls. 14(10), 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab085
Jones, B. D., Fenerci-soysal, H., & Wilkins, J. L. M. (2022). Measuring the motivational climate in an online course : A case study using an online survey tool to promote data-driven decisions. Project Leadership and Society, 3(February), 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2022.100046
Jung-, M. S., Lee, S., & Cumming, T. M. (2022). A systematic review of Indigenous parents’ educational engagement. June, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3362
Khedidja, D. (2022). Test for Linearity in Non-Parametric Regression Models. 51(January), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v51i1.1047
Krousorati, K., Gregoriadis, A., Tsigilis, N., Grammatikopoulos, V., & Evangelou, M. (2022). Introducing the Home Learning Environment Questionnaire and examining the profiles of home learning environments in Greece. September, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.987131
Levinthal, C., Kuusisto, E., & Tirri, K. (2022). Exemplar Parents’ Practices of Engagement with Their Children’s Learning in Finland and Portugal : A Multiple-Case Study. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2991438
Li, Q., Wang, D., & Qin, G. (2025). Multiple attachment perspectives : the relationship between interpersonal attachment from family and school environments and children’s learning engagement. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02633-z
Li, X., Wei, X., & Liu, H. (2026). Acta Psychologica The complex interplay between students’ perceived teacher support, self-esteem, and demotivation in English learning. Acta Psychologica, 266(July 2025), 106964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106964
Marah, K., Fute, A., & Kangwa, D. (2025). Acta Psychologica Beyond the classroom : Examining the varied impact of family dynamics on students’ academic success. Acta Psychologica, 255(March), 104895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104895
Merrill, B. M., Monopoli, W. J., Rejman, E., & Fabiano, G. A. (2023). Supporting Parents of Children with ADHD During COVID ‑ 19 School Closures : A Multiple ‑ Baseline Trial of Behavioral Parent Training for Home Learning. School Mental Health, 15(2), 370–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-023-09569-y
Mohamed, A., Yousef, F., Khatiry, A. R., Handoyono, N. A., Tamansiswa, U. S., Sangka, K. B., Liu, W., & Hu, K. (2023). Learning motivation and environmental support : how first-generation college students achieve success ? November, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280783
Muhibbin, A., Patmisari, P., Banu, N., Naidu, M., & Prasetiyo, W. H. (2023). An analysis of factors affecting student wellbeing : Emotional intelligence, family and school environment. 12(4), 1954–1963. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25670
Nguyen, A. J., Sung, J., Pandey, T., Skrzypek, C., Hosig, K., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2025). Social and Emotional Learning : Research, Practice, and Policy Helping students weather the pandemic : A mixed-methods study of rural educators and their students’ wellbeing. Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(June), 100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sel.2025.100161
Nuutila, K., Tapola, A., Tuominen, H., Kupiainen, S., & Pásztor, A. (2020). Interest, Self-Efficacy, and. 5(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00036
Paccaud, A., Keller, R., Luder, R., Pastore, G., & Kunz, A. (2021). Satisfaction With the Collaboration Between Families and Schools – The Parent’s View. 6(April), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.646878
Pascualote, J., Almeida, L. De, Henrique, F., Moreira, F., Henrique, P., Bermejo, D. S., & Prata, D. N. (2025). University efficiency evaluation using data envelopment analysis : future research agenda. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2445964
Payne-mann, C. L. C. (2025). An Explanation of Path Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practice. 290–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.70019
Prananto, K., Cahyadi, S., Lubis, F. Y., & Hinduan, Z. R. (2025). Perceived teacher support and student engagement among higher education students – a systematic literature review. BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02412-w
Sajko, R. L. (2024). On Survey Questionnaire Testing. 20(2), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.5457/p2005-114.377
Sharma, M. K., Adhikari, R., Teijlingen, E. Van, & Acharya, D. (2024). Do school Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene facilities affect students’ health status, attendance, and educational achievements ? A qualitative study in Nepal. January. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2293
Shebani, Z., Aldhafri, S., & Alsaidi, F. (2025). The effect of parental involvement on academic passion : the mediating role of student motivation in learning English online. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2467109
Skalstad, I., & Munkebye, E. (2022). How to support young children’s interest development during exploratory natural science activities in outdoor environments. Teaching and Teacher Education, 114, 103687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103687
Stan, R., Shao, Y., & Kang, S. (2022). The association between peer relationship and learning engagement among adolescents : The chain mediating roles of self-efficacy and academic resilience. August, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938756
Wahyuni, N. T., & Tin, T. B. (2026). Beyond the classroom walls : exploring parental involvement on children’s interest development in EFL learning ( A case from Indonesia). Education 3-13, 4279, 637–651. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2024.2340548
Yahaya, M., Braimah, I., Adu, A., Michael, G., & Nanor, A. (2025). Built environment of basic schools and performance outcomes in rural Ghana : learners’ voice. Discover Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00483-w
Zaid, F. A. (2025). What’s in it for us ? Staff perspectives on the impact of implementing positive behavior support. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11(November 2024), 101225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101225
Ziglari, L. (2024). Methods in Psychology. Methods in Psychology, 10(February), 100136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metip.2024.100136
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Apriyanti Apriyanti, Bukman Lian, Mahasir Mahasir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
