Integrating Restorative Justice into Mineral and Coal Mining Crime Resolution: A Normative Analysis for Sustainable Development in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v7i1.1321Keywords:
Action Criminal Mining, Development Sustainable, Restorative JusticeAbstract
This study analysed the settlement of mineral and coal mining criminal acts through a restorative justice approach as an alternative to the conventional criminal justice system as well as It seeks to identify the distinctive characteristics of equitable settlement mechanisms and to develop a reformulated model that aligns with the principles of sustainable mining development. Using a normative juridical (doctrinal) research method, the study examines statutory regulations, judicial decisions, and scholarly works related to the settlement of mining crimes. The analysis involves both primary and secondary legal materials to evaluate the coherence between current legal norms and restorative principles. A prescriptive approach is applied to propose legal reform aimed at integrating restorative mechanisms into the mining law framework. Findings revealed that the Mining Law primarily focuses on punitive measures and has yet to regulate restorative justice mechanisms. Mining-related offenses encompass illegal mining, false data submission, failure to reclaim, and environmental destruction. The study shows that applying restorative justice through penal mediation, restorative conferences, and community-based dialogue can accelerate resolution, reduce costs, and address victims’ needs while restoring social harmony. It provides a framework for government institutions to mediate mining disputes effectively while ensuring social and ecological recovery. The study contributes to the advancement of legal scholarship by bridging restorative justice theory with mining governance. It establishes a foundation for formulating future legal reforms that emphasize comprehensive, fair, and sustainable approaches to resolving mining-related criminal cases.
References
Altman, M. C. (Ed.). (2023). The Palgrave handbook on the philosophy of punishment. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11874-6
Andrejs Vilks. (2019). Criminal Policy as a Basis for the Sustainable Development or Public Security. US-China Law Review, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.17265/1548-6605/2019.07.004
Braithwaite, J. (2001). Restorative Justice & Responsive Regulation. Oxford University PressNew York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136395.001.0001
DA, A. T. (2021, July 31). Restorative Justice Is Not Recommended for These 3 Types of Crimes. Hukumonline. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/keadilan-restoratif-tidak-direkomendasikan-untuk-3-jenis-kejahatan-ini-lt610a3fe0db3bd/
Dewi, D., & Syukur, F. A. (2022). Penal Mediation: Implementing Restorative Justice in Indonesian Juvenile Courts Library. Retrieved October 1, 2025.
Groenhuijsen, M. S. (2000). Victim-Offender Mediation: Legal and Procedural Safeguard : Experiments and Legislation in Some European Jurisdictions. In M. S. Groenhuijsen (Ed.), The European Forum for Victim-Offender Mediation and Restorative Justice (ed.), Victim-Offender Mediation in Europe (pp. 69–82).
Hardjasoemantri, K. (1989). Environmental law. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Himawan, L., & Lestari, E. S. (2023). Settlement of Environmental Crime Through Restorative Justice. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1270(1), 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1270/1/012009
Kurniawan, A. L., & Supanto, S. (2023). Restorative Justice Approach to Enforcement in Environmental Crimes. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(8), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i8.5089
Lanier, M. (with Internet Archive). (1998). Essential criminology. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press. http://archive.org/details/essentialcrimino0000lani
Metz, T. (2019). Reconciliation as the aim of a criminal trial: Ubuntu’s implications for sentencing. Constitutional Court Review, 9(1), 113–134. https://doi.org/10.2989/CCR.2019.0005
Nasir, M., Bakker, L., & Van Meijl, T. (2023). Environmental Management of Coal Mining Areas in Indonesia: The Complexity of Supervision. Society & Natural Resources, 36(5), 534–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2023.2180818
Ono, H., & Lee, K. S. (2016). Welfare States and the Redistribution of Happiness. In S. Ikeda, H. K. Kato, F. Ohtake, & Y. Tsutsui (Eds.), Behavioral Economics of Preferences, Choices, and Happiness (pp. 463–491). Springer Japan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55402-8_18
Perini, C. (2022). Restorative Justice and Environmental Criminal Law: A Virtuous Interplay. In B. Pali, M. Forsyth, & F. Tepper (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Environmental Restorative Justice (pp. 51–74). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04223-2_3
Prasetio, J. E., Sabihaini, Bintarto, B., Susanto, A. A., Rahm, G. A., a, Rusdiyanto, Rochman, A. S., & Kalbuana, N. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility Community Development and Empowerment Program in Indonesia. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 24(1S), 1–11.
Putri, A. F. D., & Prasetyo, M. H. (2021). Criminal Law Policy in Countering Criminal Acts in the Mining Sector. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 3(3), 312–324. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v3i3.312-324
Reijnders, L. (2021). Substitution, natural capital and sustainability. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 18(1), 115–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2021.2007133
Riyadi, P. (2024). Restorative Justice Reconstruction with The Indonesian Criminal System After Law No. 1 of 2023. Protection: Journal Of Land And Environmental Law, 2(3), 86–105. https://doi.org/10.38142/pjlel.v2i3.1208
Rohman, A., Hartiwiningsih, & Rustamaji, M. (2024). Illegal mining in Indonesia: Need for robust legislation and enforcement. Cogent Social Sciences. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23311886.2024.2358158
Sefa Dei, G. J., & Restoule, J.-P. (2019). Indigenous Governance: Restoring Control and Responsibility over the Education of Our People. In Handbook of Indigenous Education (pp. 141–148). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3899-0_64
Shinya, W. M. (1998). Canada’s new minerals and metals policy: Advancing the concept of sustainable development in the minerals and metals industry. Resources Policy, 24(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4207(98)00013-0
Thamrin, H., Satoto, S., & Usman. (2023). Arrangement for Settlement of Unlisenced Gold Mining Crimes Through A Restorative Justice. 749–758. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-110-4_74
Zaman, A. (2024). Defining restorative justice: A perspective from England and Wales’s further education sector. Contemporary Justice Review. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10282580.2024.2381528
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosyanto Yudha Hermawan, M. Hadin Muhjad, Rachmadi Usman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
